The sea of a community-led coral reef restoration project. Observe coral and fish schools while snorkeling.
Pemuteran, located at the far western tip of Bali, was once an area where coral reefs suffered severe damage due to destructive fishing practices like blast fishing. However, since the late 1990s, the local community, diving operators, and scientists have collaborated on the 'Biorock' project, one of the world's largest coral reef restoration efforts. This innovative technology uses low-voltage electrical currents passed through submerged metal frames to dramatically accelerate coral growth via mineral accretion. As a result, Pemuteran's waters have made a remarkable recovery and are once again teeming with colorful corals and fish. You can visit this 'underwater garden' by snorkeling or diving directly from the beach. This isn't just a beautiful marine environment; it's a symbol of hope, demonstrating how human effort can help nature regenerate.
Technology: What is Biorock?
The Biorock technology was invented by architect and marine scientist Professor Wolf Hilbertz. By passing a weak direct current through underwater metal structures (cathode, negative) and titanium mesh (anode, positive), minerals dissolved in seawater (calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide) precipitate onto the cathode surface, forming a limestone layer. This substrate makes it easier for coral larvae to settle and also speeds up coral growth by 3-5 times compared to normal rates. Furthermore, this accreted mineral layer has been shown to increase coral resistance to bleaching events caused by rising sea temperatures.
Culture: Community-Led Conservation
The key factor behind the success of Pemuteran's coral reef restoration project is that it was driven primarily by the local communityβfishermen, dive guidesβrather than solely by scientists. They realized that the destruction of the reefs would undermine both fishing and tourism, their main livelihoods, and decided to take action to protect and nurture the sea themselves. This project has become a global model demonstrating how environmental conservation can align with local economic benefits, earning numerous awards. Visitors can support the project through donations or even participate in conservation activities.
Enjoyment and Rules
Pemuteran's Biorock structures are located in shallow water close to the beach, making them easily accessible even for snorkelers. Exploring the various shapes of the metal frames covered in vibrant corals, surrounded by swirling schools of fish, feels like visiting an underwater art museum. To protect this beautiful environment, it is crucial never to touch, kick, or stand on the corals. Using 'reef-safe' sunscreen that doesn't contain harmful chemicals is also strongly recommended.
Highlights (Check This Out!)
The Biorock project is ongoing, with new structures added each year. It can be fun to look for unique frames shaped like goddesses, manta rays, or bicycles. Pemuteran also serves as the gateway to Menjangan Island, one of Bali's most stunning dive spots. Combining snorkeling at the Biorock site with diving or snorkeling at Menjangan Island allows you to fully experience the marine wonders of West Bali.